📙 WBHRB স্টাফ নার্স CBT টেস্ট – 8 ( Medical Surgical Nurshing -1 ABG )

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বিষয়ঃ 📙 WBHRB স্টাফ নার্স CBT টেস্ট – 8

🧮 কুইজ: 📙 WBHRB স্টাফ নার্স CBT টেস্ট – 8

🧮 মোট প্রশ্ন: 50 টি

⏱ সময়সীমা: 60 Minute

❌ নেগেটিভ : -0.5 প্রতি প্রশ্নে

⚠️ কুইজ শেষ হলে স্বয়ংক্রিয়ভাবে রেজাল্ট দেখতে পাবেন।

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📙 WBHRB স্টাফ নার্স CBT টেস্ট – 8

1 / 50

1. What is the normal range of PaO₂ in adults?

A) 100–120 mmHg

B) 40–60 mmHg

C) 60–70 mmHg

D) 80–100 mmHg

Normal arterial oxygen level is 80–100 mmHg.

2 / 50

2. Which ABG pattern suggests compensated metabolic alkalosis?

A) pH 7.38, CO₂ 48, HCO₃⁻ 30

B) pH 7.25, CO₂ 55, HCO₃⁻ 20

C) pH 7.52, CO₂ 30, HCO₃⁻ 22

D) pH 7.50, CO₂ 40, HCO₃⁻ 26

pH near normal with high HCO₃⁻ and elevated PaCO₂ shows compensation.

3 / 50

3. A patient with PaO₂ 50 mmHg requires:

A) Normal saline

B) Analgesic

C) Oxygen therapy

D) Antipyretic

Immediate oxygen administration to prevent tissue hypoxia.

4 / 50

4. In oxygen therapy, humidification is required above which flow rate?

A) 2 L/min

B) 1 L/min

C) 4 L/min

D) 3 L/min

Oxygen flow >4 L/min needs humidification to prevent mucosal dryness.

5 / 50

5. A patient with PaCO₂ 70 mmHg, pH 7.20, and HCO₃⁻ 26 has:

A) Compensated respiratory acidosis

B) Metabolic acidosis

C) Mixed acidosis

D) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

Very high CO₂ with low pH and normal HCO₃⁻ = uncompensated respiratory acidosis.

6 / 50

6. Which intervention is appropriate for respiratory acidosis?

A) Give antacids

B) Encourage rest

C) Deep breathing exercises

D) Restrict fluids

Encourage deep breathing and coughing to remove retained CO₂.

7 / 50

7. What does PaCO₂ primarily reflect?

A) Oxygenation

B) Bicarbonate buffer

C) Metabolic function

D) Ventilation status

It measures adequacy of ventilation and CO₂ elimination.

8 / 50

8. Metabolic acidosis is compensated by:

A) Increasing HCO₃⁻

B) Decreasing breathing

C) Increasing breathing rate

D) Kidney H⁺ retention

The lungs increase ventilation to blow off CO₂ and raise pH.

9 / 50

9. Which mode of ventilation delivers a preset tidal volume with each breath?

A) SIMV

B) Pressure-controlled ventilation

C) CPAP

D) Volume-controlled ventilation

Volume-controlled ventilation maintains a fixed tidal volume regardless of pressure changes.

10 / 50

10. In a ventilated patient, PEEP helps to:

A) Increase cardiac output

B) Prevent alveolar collapse

C) Increase airway resistance

D) Reduce CO₂

PEEP prevents alveolar collapse and improves oxygenation.

11 / 50

11. A patient with PaCO₂ 20 mmHg and pH 7.55 is likely:

A) In cardiac arrest

B) Hyperventilating

C) COPD

D) Hypoventilating

Low CO₂ and high pH occur in hyperventilation or anxiety.

12 / 50

12. In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which finding differentiates it from cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

A) Elevated PCWP

B) Normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

C) Peripheral edema

D) Jugular vein distension

ARDS shows non-cardiac pulmonary edema with normal left atrial pressure.

13 / 50

13. Hypoxia first affects which organ?

A) Stomach

B) Brain

C) Liver

D) Kidney

The brain is most sensitive to decreased oxygen levels.

14 / 50

14. Which equipment is essential during oxygen therapy?

A) Suction machine

B) Syringe

C) Humidifier

D) Nebulizer

Humidifier prevents drying of mucous membranes during oxygen delivery.

15 / 50

15. A patient develops barotrauma on a ventilator. The likely cause is:

A) High airway pressure

B) Low PEEP

C) Low FiO₂

D) Excessive oxygen

Excessive airway pressure damages alveoli and causes pneumothorax.

16 / 50

16. A patient with asthma develops wheezing and difficulty breathing. The nurse should:

A) Administer bronchodilator

B) Reassure the patient

C) Apply compression

D) Provide cold water

Administer prescribed bronchodilator and assess airway patency.

17 / 50

17. The main purpose of arterial line in ICU is:

A) Venous sampling

B) Pulse counting

C) Medication infusion

D) Continuous BP and ABG sampling

Continuous BP monitoring and repeated ABG sampling.

18 / 50

18. Which symptom best indicates CO₂ retention?

A) Drowsiness

B) Fever

C) Cough

D) Sweating

Drowsiness and confusion are early signs of hypercapnia.

19 / 50

19. FiO₂ stands for:

A) Forced inspiration output

B) Fixed inhalation oxygen

C) Fraction of inspired oxygen

D) Frequency of inhalation

It refers to the fraction of inspired oxygen concentration delivered to the patient.

20 / 50

20. What is the normal tidal volume for an adult?

A) 12–15 mL/kg

B) 6–8 mL/kg

C) 10–12 mL/kg

D) 2–3 mL/kg

Tidal volume is typically 6–8 mL/kg of body weight in adults.

21 / 50

21. In respiratory alkalosis, the kidneys compensate by:

A) Retaining HCO₃⁻

B) Releasing H⁺ ions

C) Retaining CO₂

D) Excreting HCO₃⁻

Excreting more bicarbonate to lower pH toward normal.

22 / 50

22. Crackles in lungs are usually due to:

A) Asthma

B) Pulmonary edema

C) Pleural effusion

D) Pneumothorax

Fluid in alveoli produces fine crackling sounds on inspiration.

23 / 50

23. During weaning from ventilator, which parameter is most important?

A) Tidal volume and RR

B) Urine output

C) Blood pressure

D) Temperature

Spontaneous tidal volume and respiratory rate determine readiness.

24 / 50

24. A high PaCO₂ with low pH indicates:

A) Metabolic acidosis

B) Respiratory acidosis

C) Metabolic alkalosis

D) Respiratory alkalosis

Retention of CO₂ → respiratory acidosis.

25 / 50

25. Which position aids postural drainage of lower lobes?

A) Fowler’s position

B) Prone

C) Supine

D) Trendelenburg

Trendelenburg position facilitates mucus drainage from lower lobes.

26 / 50

26. Which ABG result indicates respiratory alkalosis?

A) pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 60

B) pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 30

C) pH 7.35, PaCO₂ 40

D) pH 7.25, PaCO₂ 50

Low PaCO₂ (<35) and high pH (>7.45) signify respiratory alkalosis.

27 / 50

27. The presence of auto-PEEP on a ventilator suggests:

A) Tube blockage

B) Low compliance

C) Excess FiO₂

D) Air trapping

Air trapping due to incomplete exhalation, common in COPD or high RR.

28 / 50

28. The first sign of hypoxia is:

A) Restlessness

B) Cyanosis

C) Sleepiness

D) Bradycardia

Restlessness and anxiety occur before cyanosis.

29 / 50

29. Kussmaul respiration is seen in:

A) Metabolic acidosis

B) Respiratory alkalosis

C) Respiratory acidosis

D) Panic attack

Deep, labored breathing seen in metabolic acidosis or DKA.

30 / 50

30. The nurse should suspect respiratory acidosis when:

A) pH 7.28, CO₂ 55

B) pH 7.48, CO₂ 30

C) pH 7.50, CO₂ 25

D) pH 7.38, CO₂ 40

pH < 7.35 with PaCO₂ > 45 mmHg indicates respiratory acidosis.

31 / 50

31. Suctioning through endotracheal tube should not exceed:

A) 10–15 seconds

B) 5 seconds

C) 30 seconds

D) 25 seconds

Prolonged suction causes hypoxia and mucosal trauma; limit to 10–15 seconds.

32 / 50

32. Oxygen toxicity can result from:

A) Short oxygen therapy

B) Room air

C) Low oxygen flow

D) High oxygen for long duration

High oxygen concentration for prolonged periods damages alveoli.

33 / 50

33. Which device delivers the most precise oxygen concentration?

A) Venturi mask

B) Nasal cannula

C) Simple mask

D) Non-rebreather mask

Venturi mask provides fixed FiO₂ using color-coded adapters.

34 / 50

34. Which of the following causes a left shift in the oxygen dissociation curve?

A) Acidosis

B) Alkalosis

C) Fever

D) High CO₂

Low temperature or alkalosis increases hemoglobin’s oxygen affinity.

35 / 50

35. Which ABG result indicates mixed acidosis?

A) pH 7.38, CO₂ 40, HCO₃⁻ 24

B) pH 7.45, CO₂ 35, HCO₃⁻ 24

C) pH 7.48, CO₂ 32, HCO₃⁻ 26

D) pH 7.20, CO₂ 60, HCO₃⁻ 18

Low pH with high CO₂ and low HCO₃⁻ show both respiratory and metabolic acidosis.

36 / 50

36. Barrel chest is a characteristic feature of:

A) Tuberculosis

B) Pulmonary edema

C) COPD

D) Pneumonia

COPD causes air trapping and increased anteroposterior diameter.

37 / 50

37. A patient on 2 L/min nasal oxygen receives approximately what FiO₂?

A) 21%

B) 100%

C) 40%

D) 28%

2 L/min gives about 28% oxygen concentration.

38 / 50

38. Cyanosis appears when:

A) O₂ saturation < 85%

B) O₂ saturation 90%

C) O₂ saturation 100%

D) O₂ saturation 95%

Hemoglobin desaturation below 85% causes bluish discoloration.

39 / 50

39. In chronic respiratory failure, ABG typically shows:

A) pH 7.38, CO₂ 60, HCO₃⁻ 35

B) pH 7.20, CO₂ 70, HCO₃⁻ 22

C) pH 7.50, CO₂ 25, HCO₃⁻ 18

D) pH 7.10, CO₂ 80, HCO₃⁻ 20

High PaCO₂ and high HCO₃⁻ with near-normal pH indicate chronic compensation.

40 / 50

40. A patient with PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio <200 indicates:

A) Normal oxygenation

B) Moderate ARDS

C) Mild ARDS

D) Severe ARDS

The PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio helps classify severity of ARDS; <200 = moderate ARDS.

41 / 50

41. Which ABG finding is expected in severe diarrhea?

A) Metabolic acidosis

B) Respiratory alkalosis

C) Metabolic alkalosis

D) Respiratory acidosis

Loss of bicarbonate from intestines causes metabolic acidosis.

42 / 50

42. Which patient finding suggests respiratory alkalosis?

A) Drowsiness

B) Bradycardia

C) Hyperventilation

D) Cyanosis

Rapid breathing and light-headedness result from CO₂ loss.

43 / 50

43. In chronic COPD, oxygen should be given:

A) As high as possible

B) At 6–8 L/min

C) At 4–5 L/min

D) At 1–2 L/min

Low-flow oxygen prevents suppression of hypoxic drive to breathe.

44 / 50

44. In ARDS, the key nursing goal is:

A) Reduce fluids

B) Maintain oxygenation

C) Increase tidal volume

D) Encourage coughing

Maintain oxygenation and prevent further lung injury using low tidal volume ventilation.

45 / 50

45. For accurate pulse oximetry, the nurse should avoid:

A) Room air check

B) Use of ear lobe

C) Positioning hand below heart

D) Nail polish on finger

Nail polish or cold extremities interfere with light absorption.

46 / 50

46. Which intervention prevents ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?

A) Lowering bed flat

B) Sedate patient continuously

C) Frequent suctioning only

D) Elevate head 30–45°

Elevating head 30–45° prevents aspiration and infection.

47 / 50

47. Which ABG value confirms adequate oxygenation?

A) PaO₂ 60 mmHg

B) PaO₂ 90 mmHg

C) PaO₂ 50 mmHg

D) PaO₂ 40 mmHg

Normal PaO₂ is 80–100 mmHg indicating good oxygenation.

48 / 50

48. Which finding indicates respiratory failure?

A) PaO₂ 55 mmHg

B) pH 7.40

C) PaCO₂ 40 mmHg

D) PaO₂ 85 mmHg

PaO₂ < 60 mmHg or PaCO₂ > 50 mmHg indicates failure to maintain gas exchange.

49 / 50

49. In metabolic acidosis, which compensatory mechanism occurs fastest?

A) Bicarbonate retention

B) Hyperventilation

C) Renal H⁺ excretion

D) Ammonia production

Respiratory compensation acts within minutes by increasing ventilation.

50 / 50

50. Which ABG change occurs in prolonged vomiting?

A) Respiratory acidosis

B) Respiratory alkalosis

C) Metabolic acidosis

D) Metabolic alkalosis

Loss of H⁺ ions leads to metabolic alkalosis.

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