Hypoglycemia means low blood sugar, causing sweating and confusion.

Anemia causes reduced oxygen supply, leading to fatigue and pallor.

Potassium is the principal intracellular cation.

Newborns have higher heart rates, about 120–160 bpm.

Average cycle length varies but 28 days is considered normal.

Vitamin K activates clotting factors in the liver.

Gloves protect both nurse and patient from infection.

A healthy adult excretes around 1–2 liters of urine daily.

Diseases that spread from one person to another are communicable.

Insulin is secreted by beta cells of the pancreas to regulate blood glucose.

The first cervical vertebra is known as the atlas, supporting the skull.

The myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart that contracts.

Average normal body temperature is maintained by the hypothalamus.

Average duration from conception to delivery is about 280 days.

Blood pressure is measured by using a sphygmomanometer.

The radial artery at the wrist is most accessible for pulse check.

BCG vaccine protects against tuberculosis.

Lack of iodine in diet causes enlargement of thyroid gland.

Widal test detects antibodies against Salmonella typhi.

Carbohydrates are the body’s primary energy source.

Deltoid muscle is often used for small volume IM injections.

Bile is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

It measures the oxygen saturation level of arterial blood.

Nursing process begins with assessment to identify patient needs.

The period between exposure and symptom onset is 10–14 days for measles.

In shock, blood flow to vital organs improves when legs are elevated.

A normal adult pulse ranges between 60–100 beats per minute.

Nasal cannula provides low-flow oxygen therapy.

Normal fasting blood sugar ensures healthy carbohydrate metabolism.

Immediate cooling with cold water reduces tissue damage.

Blood pH is tightly regulated to maintain homeostasis.

Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption from the intestine.

O negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens.

Incineration destroys infectious waste completely.

Handwashing removes transient microorganisms.

Protein digestion begins in the stomach with the help of pepsin enzyme.

Vaccines provide artificial active immunity by stimulating antibody production.

Normal respiration rate indicates adequate oxygen exchange.

RBCs carry oxygen from lungs to body tissues using hemoglobin.

Steam under pressure kills spores and microorganisms.

Asepsis prevents contamination by microorganisms.

Loss of water causes dry mouth and decreased urine output.

Synovial fluid lubricates and nourishes joint surfaces.

The skin acts as a barrier and regulates temperature.

Ophthalmoscope is used to inspect the retina and other eye parts.

Hemoglobin carries oxygen in blood; normal value in females is slightly lower than males.

Each kidney contains nephrons responsible for filtration and urine formation.

Semi-Fowler’s position eases breathing by expanding lung capacity.

Normal systolic pressure ensures adequate perfusion.

The first heart sound occurs due to closure of mitral and tricuspid valves.