📙 WBHRB স্টাফ নার্স CBT টেস্ট – 8 ( Medical Surgical Nurshing -1 ABG )

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বিষয়ঃ 📙 WBHRB স্টাফ নার্স CBT টেস্ট – 8

🧮 কুইজ: 📙 WBHRB স্টাফ নার্স CBT টেস্ট – 8

🧮 মোট প্রশ্ন: 50 টি

⏱ সময়সীমা: 60 Minute

❌ নেগেটিভ : -0.5 প্রতি প্রশ্নে

⚠️ কুইজ শেষ হলে স্বয়ংক্রিয়ভাবে রেজাল্ট দেখতে পাবেন।

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📙 WBHRB স্টাফ নার্স CBT টেস্ট – 8

1 / 50

1. Which mode of ventilation delivers a preset tidal volume with each breath?

A) CPAP

B) SIMV

C) Volume-controlled ventilation

D) Pressure-controlled ventilation

Volume-controlled ventilation maintains a fixed tidal volume regardless of pressure changes.

2 / 50

2. Which device delivers the most precise oxygen concentration?

A) Venturi mask

B) Non-rebreather mask

C) Simple mask

D) Nasal cannula

Venturi mask provides fixed FiO₂ using color-coded adapters.

3 / 50

3. Crackles in lungs are usually due to:

A) Pleural effusion

B) Pulmonary edema

C) Pneumothorax

D) Asthma

Fluid in alveoli produces fine crackling sounds on inspiration.

4 / 50

4. A patient on 2 L/min nasal oxygen receives approximately what FiO₂?

A) 40%

B) 21%

C) 28%

D) 100%

2 L/min gives about 28% oxygen concentration.

5 / 50

5. In chronic COPD, oxygen should be given:

A) As high as possible

B) At 4–5 L/min

C) At 6–8 L/min

D) At 1–2 L/min

Low-flow oxygen prevents suppression of hypoxic drive to breathe.

6 / 50

6. The presence of auto-PEEP on a ventilator suggests:

A) Air trapping

B) Low compliance

C) Excess FiO₂

D) Tube blockage

Air trapping due to incomplete exhalation, common in COPD or high RR.

7 / 50

7. A patient develops barotrauma on a ventilator. The likely cause is:

A) High airway pressure

B) Excessive oxygen

C) Low PEEP

D) Low FiO₂

Excessive airway pressure damages alveoli and causes pneumothorax.

8 / 50

8. A patient with PaO₂ 50 mmHg requires:

A) Oxygen therapy

B) Antipyretic

C) Normal saline

D) Analgesic

Immediate oxygen administration to prevent tissue hypoxia.

9 / 50

9. A patient with PaCO₂ 70 mmHg, pH 7.20, and HCO₃⁻ 26 has:

A) Metabolic acidosis

B) Compensated respiratory acidosis

C) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

D) Mixed acidosis

Very high CO₂ with low pH and normal HCO₃⁻ = uncompensated respiratory acidosis.

10 / 50

10. Which intervention is appropriate for respiratory acidosis?

A) Restrict fluids

B) Give antacids

C) Encourage rest

D) Deep breathing exercises

Encourage deep breathing and coughing to remove retained CO₂.

11 / 50

11. In metabolic acidosis, which compensatory mechanism occurs fastest?

A) Renal H⁺ excretion

B) Hyperventilation

C) Bicarbonate retention

D) Ammonia production

Respiratory compensation acts within minutes by increasing ventilation.

12 / 50

12. Hypoxia first affects which organ?

A) Liver

B) Brain

C) Kidney

D) Stomach

The brain is most sensitive to decreased oxygen levels.

13 / 50

13. In oxygen therapy, humidification is required above which flow rate?

A) 3 L/min

B) 1 L/min

C) 2 L/min

D) 4 L/min

Oxygen flow >4 L/min needs humidification to prevent mucosal dryness.

14 / 50

14. Which ABG pattern suggests compensated metabolic alkalosis?

A) pH 7.50, CO₂ 40, HCO₃⁻ 26

B) pH 7.25, CO₂ 55, HCO₃⁻ 20

C) pH 7.52, CO₂ 30, HCO₃⁻ 22

D) pH 7.38, CO₂ 48, HCO₃⁻ 30

pH near normal with high HCO₃⁻ and elevated PaCO₂ shows compensation.

15 / 50

15. Which position aids postural drainage of lower lobes?

A) Supine

B) Trendelenburg

C) Prone

D) Fowler’s position

Trendelenburg position facilitates mucus drainage from lower lobes.

16 / 50

16. A high PaCO₂ with low pH indicates:

A) Respiratory alkalosis

B) Respiratory acidosis

C) Metabolic alkalosis

D) Metabolic acidosis

Retention of CO₂ → respiratory acidosis.

17 / 50

17. Which ABG finding is expected in severe diarrhea?

A) Metabolic alkalosis

B) Respiratory acidosis

C) Respiratory alkalosis

D) Metabolic acidosis

Loss of bicarbonate from intestines causes metabolic acidosis.

18 / 50

18. Which finding indicates respiratory failure?

A) PaO₂ 55 mmHg

B) pH 7.40

C) PaO₂ 85 mmHg

D) PaCO₂ 40 mmHg

PaO₂ < 60 mmHg or PaCO₂ > 50 mmHg indicates failure to maintain gas exchange.

19 / 50

19. Which equipment is essential during oxygen therapy?

A) Syringe

B) Nebulizer

C) Humidifier

D) Suction machine

Humidifier prevents drying of mucous membranes during oxygen delivery.

20 / 50

20. Cyanosis appears when:

A) O₂ saturation 100%

B) O₂ saturation < 85%

C) O₂ saturation 90%

D) O₂ saturation 95%

Hemoglobin desaturation below 85% causes bluish discoloration.

21 / 50

21. A patient with asthma develops wheezing and difficulty breathing. The nurse should:

A) Reassure the patient

B) Administer bronchodilator

C) Apply compression

D) Provide cold water

Administer prescribed bronchodilator and assess airway patency.

22 / 50

22. Which intervention prevents ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?

A) Elevate head 30–45°

B) Sedate patient continuously

C) Lowering bed flat

D) Frequent suctioning only

Elevating head 30–45° prevents aspiration and infection.

23 / 50

23. Metabolic acidosis is compensated by:

A) Increasing breathing rate

B) Increasing HCO₃⁻

C) Kidney H⁺ retention

D) Decreasing breathing

The lungs increase ventilation to blow off CO₂ and raise pH.

24 / 50

24. In ARDS, the key nursing goal is:

A) Reduce fluids

B) Encourage coughing

C) Maintain oxygenation

D) Increase tidal volume

Maintain oxygenation and prevent further lung injury using low tidal volume ventilation.

25 / 50

25. Suctioning through endotracheal tube should not exceed:

A) 25 seconds

B) 5 seconds

C) 30 seconds

D) 10–15 seconds

Prolonged suction causes hypoxia and mucosal trauma; limit to 10–15 seconds.

26 / 50

26. What is the normal tidal volume for an adult?

A) 12–15 mL/kg

B) 6–8 mL/kg

C) 2–3 mL/kg

D) 10–12 mL/kg

Tidal volume is typically 6–8 mL/kg of body weight in adults.

27 / 50

27. In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which finding differentiates it from cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

A) Elevated PCWP

B) Normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

C) Jugular vein distension

D) Peripheral edema

ARDS shows non-cardiac pulmonary edema with normal left atrial pressure.

28 / 50

28. Which of the following causes a left shift in the oxygen dissociation curve?

A) Fever

B) High CO₂

C) Alkalosis

D) Acidosis

Low temperature or alkalosis increases hemoglobin’s oxygen affinity.

29 / 50

29. Barrel chest is a characteristic feature of:

A) Pneumonia

B) Pulmonary edema

C) COPD

D) Tuberculosis

COPD causes air trapping and increased anteroposterior diameter.

30 / 50

30. The main purpose of arterial line in ICU is:

A) Continuous BP and ABG sampling

B) Medication infusion

C) Venous sampling

D) Pulse counting

Continuous BP monitoring and repeated ABG sampling.

31 / 50

31. Kussmaul respiration is seen in:

A) Respiratory alkalosis

B) Metabolic acidosis

C) Panic attack

D) Respiratory acidosis

Deep, labored breathing seen in metabolic acidosis or DKA.

32 / 50

32. Which ABG result indicates respiratory alkalosis?

A) pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 30

B) pH 7.35, PaCO₂ 40

C) pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 60

D) pH 7.25, PaCO₂ 50

Low PaCO₂ (<35) and high pH (>7.45) signify respiratory alkalosis.

33 / 50

33. What does PaCO₂ primarily reflect?

A) Ventilation status

B) Bicarbonate buffer

C) Metabolic function

D) Oxygenation

It measures adequacy of ventilation and CO₂ elimination.

34 / 50

34. What is the normal range of PaO₂ in adults?

A) 100–120 mmHg

B) 80–100 mmHg

C) 40–60 mmHg

D) 60–70 mmHg

Normal arterial oxygen level is 80–100 mmHg.

35 / 50

35. A patient with PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio <200 indicates:

A) Mild ARDS

B) Severe ARDS

C) Normal oxygenation

D) Moderate ARDS

The PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio helps classify severity of ARDS; <200 = moderate ARDS.

36 / 50

36. Which patient finding suggests respiratory alkalosis?

A) Hyperventilation

B) Drowsiness

C) Bradycardia

D) Cyanosis

Rapid breathing and light-headedness result from CO₂ loss.

37 / 50

37. In a ventilated patient, PEEP helps to:

A) Increase cardiac output

B) Prevent alveolar collapse

C) Reduce CO₂

D) Increase airway resistance

PEEP prevents alveolar collapse and improves oxygenation.

38 / 50

38. A patient with PaCO₂ 20 mmHg and pH 7.55 is likely:

A) COPD

B) Hypoventilating

C) In cardiac arrest

D) Hyperventilating

Low CO₂ and high pH occur in hyperventilation or anxiety.

39 / 50

39. The nurse should suspect respiratory acidosis when:

A) pH 7.28, CO₂ 55

B) pH 7.50, CO₂ 25

C) pH 7.38, CO₂ 40

D) pH 7.48, CO₂ 30

pH < 7.35 with PaCO₂ > 45 mmHg indicates respiratory acidosis.

40 / 50

40. The first sign of hypoxia is:

A) Bradycardia

B) Sleepiness

C) Restlessness

D) Cyanosis

Restlessness and anxiety occur before cyanosis.

41 / 50

41. During weaning from ventilator, which parameter is most important?

A) Blood pressure

B) Tidal volume and RR

C) Urine output

D) Temperature

Spontaneous tidal volume and respiratory rate determine readiness.

42 / 50

42. Which symptom best indicates CO₂ retention?

A) Cough

B) Drowsiness

C) Sweating

D) Fever

Drowsiness and confusion are early signs of hypercapnia.

43 / 50

43. For accurate pulse oximetry, the nurse should avoid:

A) Nail polish on finger

B) Room air check

C) Positioning hand below heart

D) Use of ear lobe

Nail polish or cold extremities interfere with light absorption.

44 / 50

44. In respiratory alkalosis, the kidneys compensate by:

A) Excreting HCO₃⁻

B) Retaining CO₂

C) Retaining HCO₃⁻

D) Releasing H⁺ ions

Excreting more bicarbonate to lower pH toward normal.

45 / 50

45. Oxygen toxicity can result from:

A) Short oxygen therapy

B) Low oxygen flow

C) Room air

D) High oxygen for long duration

High oxygen concentration for prolonged periods damages alveoli.

46 / 50

46. FiO₂ stands for:

A) Fraction of inspired oxygen

B) Fixed inhalation oxygen

C) Forced inspiration output

D) Frequency of inhalation

It refers to the fraction of inspired oxygen concentration delivered to the patient.

47 / 50

47. Which ABG result indicates mixed acidosis?

A) pH 7.48, CO₂ 32, HCO₃⁻ 26

B) pH 7.20, CO₂ 60, HCO₃⁻ 18

C) pH 7.38, CO₂ 40, HCO₃⁻ 24

D) pH 7.45, CO₂ 35, HCO₃⁻ 24

Low pH with high CO₂ and low HCO₃⁻ show both respiratory and metabolic acidosis.

48 / 50

48. In chronic respiratory failure, ABG typically shows:

A) pH 7.50, CO₂ 25, HCO₃⁻ 18

B) pH 7.38, CO₂ 60, HCO₃⁻ 35

C) pH 7.10, CO₂ 80, HCO₃⁻ 20

D) pH 7.20, CO₂ 70, HCO₃⁻ 22

High PaCO₂ and high HCO₃⁻ with near-normal pH indicate chronic compensation.

49 / 50

49. Which ABG change occurs in prolonged vomiting?

A) Respiratory alkalosis

B) Metabolic acidosis

C) Respiratory acidosis

D) Metabolic alkalosis

Loss of H⁺ ions leads to metabolic alkalosis.

50 / 50

50. Which ABG value confirms adequate oxygenation?

A) PaO₂ 40 mmHg

B) PaO₂ 90 mmHg

C) PaO₂ 60 mmHg

D) PaO₂ 50 mmHg

Normal PaO₂ is 80–100 mmHg indicating good oxygenation.

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