1. Which vitamin toxicity causes hypercalcemia?

2. Which nutrient prevents neural tube defects in early pregnancy?

3. Which mineral deficiency causes glucose intolerance?

4. Which vitamin deficiency impairs fatty acid oxidation?

5. Which vitamin is essential for transamination reactions?

6. Which mineral is essential for alkaline phosphatase activity?

7. Which element is needed for the synthesis of insulin crystals?

8. Which nutrient is required for conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine?

9. The primary biochemical marker for chronic iodine deficiency is—

10. Which vitamin is required for synthesis of heme?

11. The vitamin required for conversion of homocysteine to cysteine is—

12. Which nutrient deficiency causes corkscrew hairs?

13. Deficiency of which vitamin causes “scorbutic rosary”?

14. The best nutritional marker to assess long-term protein deficiency is—

15. Which vitamin functions as an antioxidant within cell membranes?

16. Which amino acid is the precursor of serotonin?

17. Which vitamin deficiency causes “hypersegmented neutrophils”?

18. Which nutrient deficiency increases susceptibility to Candida infections?

19. Which mineral deficiency leads to impaired parathyroid hormone secretion?

20. Which vitamin is most rapidly depleted during starvation?

21. Hartnup disease primarily affects absorption of which nutrient?

22. Which mineral is essential for ceruloplasmin activity?

23. Severe zinc deficiency in critical illness increases mortality mainly due to failure of—

24. Which fatty acid deficiency causes growth retardation and scaly dermatitis?

25. Which nutrient acts as a cofactor for pyruvate carboxylase in gluconeogenesis?

26. Which mineral toxicity causes garlic-like breath odor?

27. Which mineral overdose leads to “bronze diabetes”?

28. What is the major intracellular cation?

29. Which mineral deficiency causes myopathy and cardiomyopathy?

30. The main cause of hypophosphatemia in refeeding syndrome is—

31. Which vitamin is essential for the function of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X?

32. Chronic alcohol consumption most severely depletes which vitamin?

33. Which carbohydrate is absorbed via GLUT-5 transporter?

34. The major fuel for cardiac muscle at rest is—

35. Which fatty acid is essential for fetal brain development?

36. The major determinant of resting metabolic rate is—

37. Which vitamin deficiency causes impaired methylmalonyl-CoA → succinyl-CoA conversion?

38. Which nutrient is needed for conversion of retinol → retinal?

39. In alcoholism, which vitamin deficiency worsens lactic acidosis?

40. Which amino acid is most rapidly depleted in severe burns?

41. Which vitamin deficiency results in reduced glutathione regeneration?

42. Biotin deficiency leads to accumulation of which metabolite?

43. Pellagra-like symptoms can appear in isoniazid therapy due to deficiency of—

44. The primary site of vitamin B12 absorption is—

45. Which nutrient deficiency presents with both anemia and peripheral neuropathy?

46. Copper deficiency causes which hematologic abnormality?

47. Which amino acid becomes essential in PKU patients?

48. Which nutrient improves absorption of non-heme iron?

49. Which amino acid is precursor for niacin synthesis?

50. Which lipid abnormality is most common in poorly controlled diabetes?